R barplot() 函数 - 绘制条形图
R 语言实例R barplot() 函数用于创建条形图，适合展示分类数据的对比。
条形图高度表示数值大小，常用于各分类间的比较。
barplot() 函数语法格式如下：
barplot(height, names.arg = NULL, col = NULL,
main = "", xlab = "", ylab = "", horiz = FALSE)
参数说明：
height 条形高度向量或矩阵。
names.arg 各条形下方标签。
horiz 是否绘制水平条形图。
实例
# 产品销售数据
products <- c("产品A", "产品B", "产品C", "产品D", "产品E")
sales <- c(120, 85, 150, 90, 110)
# 垂直条形图
barplot(sales,
names.arg = products,
main = "各产品销售量",
xlab = "产品",
ylab = "销售量",
col = c("steelblue", "coral", "seagreen",
"gold", "purple"))
products <- c("产品A", "产品B", "产品C", "产品D", "产品E")
sales <- c(120, 85, 150, 90, 110)
# 垂直条形图
barplot(sales,
names.arg = products,
main = "各产品销售量",
xlab = "产品",
ylab = "销售量",
col = c("steelblue", "coral", "seagreen",
"gold", "purple"))
执行以上代码会显示各产品销售量对比的彩色条形图。
barplot() 也可以绘制分组条形图：
实例
# 分组数据：两个季度的销售对比
quarter_data <- matrix(c(120, 85, 150, 90, 110,
130, 90, 140, 95, 125),
nrow = 2, byrow = TRUE)
rownames(quarter_data) <- c("Q1", "Q2")
colnames(quarter_data) <- c("A", "B", "C", "D", "E")
# 分组条形图
barplot(quarter_data,
beside = TRUE,
legend = rownames(quarter_data),
main = "各季度产品销售对比",
col = c("steelblue", "coral"))
quarter_data <- matrix(c(120, 85, 150, 90, 110,
130, 90, 140, 95, 125),
nrow = 2, byrow = TRUE)
rownames(quarter_data) <- c("Q1", "Q2")
colnames(quarter_data) <- c("A", "B", "C", "D", "E")
# 分组条形图
barplot(quarter_data,
beside = TRUE,
legend = rownames(quarter_data),
main = "各季度产品销售对比",
col = c("steelblue", "coral"))
执行以上代码会显示各产品在两个季度销售量的分组对比图。