R plot() 图形类型详解
R 语言实例R plot() 函数通过 type 参数可以创建多种类型的图形。
不同的 type 选项适合不同的数据可视化需求。
plot() 的 type 参数常见的取值：
| type值 | 说明 | 适用场景 |
|---|---|---|
| "p" | 点（默认） | 散点图 |
| "l" | 折线 | 折线图 |
| "b" | 点和线 | 显示数据点位置和趋势 |
| "o" | 覆盖的点和线 | 时间序列 |
| "h" | 垂直线 | 频谱图 |
| "s" | 阶梯线 | 阶梯数据 |
| "n" | 不绘制 | 仅设置坐标系 |
实例
# 生成一个月的气温数据
temp <- c(5, 7, 10, 14, 18, 22, 25, 28, 26, 20, 15, 10,
8, 6, 9, 13, 17, 21, 24, 27, 25, 19, 14, 9,
7, 5, 8, 12, 16, 20)
days <- 1:30
# 在同一个图上叠加多种类型
plot(days, temp, type = "n", # 先设置坐标系不画图
main = "本月气温变化",
xlab = "日期", ylab = "气温(°C)",
ylim = c(0, 30))
# 添加垂直线（type = "h"）
lines(days, temp, type = "h",
col = "lightblue", lwd = 2)
# 添加点和连线
lines(days, temp, type = "o",
col = "coral", lwd = 2, pch = 19, cex = 0.6)
temp <- c(5, 7, 10, 14, 18, 22, 25, 28, 26, 20, 15, 10,
8, 6, 9, 13, 17, 21, 24, 27, 25, 19, 14, 9,
7, 5, 8, 12, 16, 20)
days <- 1:30
# 在同一个图上叠加多种类型
plot(days, temp, type = "n", # 先设置坐标系不画图
main = "本月气温变化",
xlab = "日期", ylab = "气温(°C)",
ylim = c(0, 30))
# 添加垂直线（type = "h"）
lines(days, temp, type = "h",
col = "lightblue", lwd = 2)
# 添加点和连线
lines(days, temp, type = "o",
col = "coral", lwd = 2, pch = 19, cex = 0.6)
执行以上代码会显示叠加了垂直线和连线的气温变化图。